CSR (04) - Wrap Up

Learning Strategy
Comprehension
Tier I
3rd—12th
Materials
Target Student

All students can benefit from this learning strategy.

Description

Wrap Up is one fourth of Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR), a learning strategy shown to improve students’ reading comprehension when all four parts of CSR are used by students. The role of Wrap Up is to aid students in understanding and remembering what they have learned. This strategy requires two steps: generating questions and reviewing important ideas. As students often have difficulty generating effective questions from text, it may take time for them to learn this skill.

According to extensive research on CSR, Wrap Up must be implemented as part of the CSR strategy if positive effects are to be achieved.

Features

Use explicit instruction (explanation, modeling, guided practice, independent practice) when teaching CSR to students.

Using Explicit Instruction to Teach CSR: Wrap Up
1. Explain the strategy. Using a poster showing where Wrap Up fits into CSR and another poster of steps for Wrap Up, explain both posters and explain the benefit students will experience from using Wrap Up and from CSR after they have learned all of it.

2. Model the strategy. Next, use modeling. Use a think aloud strategy, and voice aloud the thought process behind each step. This may need to occur over the course of several days based on the needs of the students.

3. Guided practice: Guide students in performing the strategy in small groups or in pairs. During this time, scaffold the learning and support students who need assistance in using the strategy. They can also model the think aloud strategy (when in pairs) to strengthen comprehension and learning of the steps involved.

4. Independent practice: After guided practice, students should only use the strategy independently, once they have shown they have mastered the strategy. Students can also be given the opportunity to reflect on the strategy.

How To

How to Use Wrap Up
Part I: Generate and answer questions from text

1. Students brainstorm a number of possible questions. If using a CSR learning log, they should write them in the Wrap Up section under Questions about the important ideas in the passage.


2. Students can arrange the questions according to a question hierarchy that reflects lower-to-higher order thinking. Students should next try to answer the questions. A question that cannot be answered might not be a good question or might require clarification.

 

 

Part II: Review what was learned


1. Students write down the most important ideas from the day’s reading in their learning logs in the Wrap Up section under What I learned. This requires them to mentally organize the information and to focus on comprehending the text as a whole.


2. Students can take turns sharing with partners, groups, or the rest of the class what they consider to be their best ideas.

 

Adapted from The IRIS Center. (2008). CSR: A reading comprehension strategy. Retrieved from http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/csr/

Research

Bremer, C. D., Vaughn, S., Clapper, A. T., & Kim, A. (2002). Collaborative strategic reading (CSR): Improving secondary students’ reading comprehension skills. Improving Secondary Education and Transition Services through Research, 1(2), 1–7.

Dimino, J. A., Simon, E., & Vaughn, S. (2007). Collaborative strategic reading (CSR): Improving reading comprehension skills. National Center on Secondary Education and Transition (NCSET) Conference Call Presentation, September 17, 2002.

Education Development Center. (2007). Reading: Reading expository text. Retrieved March 4, 2008, from http://www.literacymatters.org/content/readandwrite/expos.htm

The IRIS Center. (2008). CSR: A reading comprehension strategy. Retrieved from http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/csr/

Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., & Schumm, J. S. (1998). Collaborative strategic reading during social studies in heterogeneous fourth-grade classrooms. The Elementary School, Journal 99(1), 3–22.

Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., Dimino, J., Schumm, J. S., & Bryant, D. (2001). Collaborative strategic reading: Strategies for improving comprehension. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Neufeld, P. (2005). Comprehension instruction in content area classes. The Reading Teacher, 59(4), 302–312.

Palmer, G., Peters, R., & Streetman, R. (2003). Cooperative learning. In M. Orey (Ed.), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved March 5, 2008, from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Cooperative_Learning&printable=yes

RAND Reading Study Group. (2002). Reading for understanding: Toward an R&D program in reading comprehension. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Retrieved July 12, 2007, from http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1465/MR1465.pdf

Snowball, D. (2005). Teaching comprehension (CD-ROMs levels K-2, 3-6, 6-9). Port, NY: A.U.S.S.I.E.

Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. (2001). Collaborative Strategic Reading. Retrieved June 25, 2007, from http://www.sedl.org/cgi-bin/mysql/buildingreading.cgi?l=description&showrecord=15

Vaughn, S., & Klingner, J. K. (1999). Teaching reading comprehension through collaborative strategic reading. Intervention in School and Clinic, 34(5), 284–292.

Vaughn, S., Klingner, J. K., & Bryant, D. (2001). Collaborative strategic reading as a means to enhance peer-mediated instruction for reading comprehension and content-area learning. Remedial and Special Education, 22(2), 66–74.

Wilhelm, J. D. (2003). Navigating meaning: Using think-alouds to help readers monitor comprehension. Retrieved March 5, 2008, from http://www.nwp.org/cs/public/print/resource/495

Research Summary

What Works Clearinghouse

Related Websites

The IRIS Center

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